Because the opposition to Bill C-51 in 2008 was so strong, Health Canada devised a new way to get the severe penalties and powers to apply to natural products. They came out with Bill C-17 which brought in the powers and penalties for a new category of “therapeutic product”. Therapeutic product was defined to exclude natural health products as that term is defined in the Natural Health Products Regulations. Because natural health products were excluded, the public did not raise a fuss and Bill C-17 passed. The NHPPA had called Bill C-17 a Trojan Horse.
The danger of the change brought about by Bill C-17 is that Health Canada can make the powers and penalties that were in Bill C-51 applicable to natural products by simply amending the Natural Health Product Regulations (which they have since done in 2023).